[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.lopes.cz\/bylo-vyrobeno-synteticke-pavouci-vlakno-identicke-s-prirodnim\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.lopes.cz\/bylo-vyrobeno-synteticke-pavouci-vlakno-identicke-s-prirodnim\/","headline":"BYLO VYROBENO SYNTETICK\u00c9 PAVOU\u010c\u00cd VL\u00c1KNO IDENTICK\u00c9 S P\u0158\u00cdRODN\u00cdM","name":"BYLO VYROBENO SYNTETICK\u00c9 PAVOU\u010c\u00cd VL\u00c1KNO IDENTICK\u00c9 S P\u0158\u00cdRODN\u00cdM","description":"Postavili jsme mrakodrapy sahaj\u00edc\u00ed do neskute\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161in, letadla, kter\u00e1 cestuj\u00ed rychleji ne\u017e zvuk. P\u0159esto, v n\u011bkter\u00fdch ohledech, pokorn\u00fd mal\u00fd pavouk m\u00e1 nad lidmi p\u0159evahu v … ","datePublished":"2025-02-27","dateModified":"2025-02-27","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.lopes.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.lopes.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/2d2e3fdaba6370eba756fb4048c695326686ff29010a0df4d58b27c20544521d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/2d2e3fdaba6370eba756fb4048c695326686ff29010a0df4d58b27c20544521d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"lopes.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.lopes.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a293693_w2086_t1505888326.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.lopes.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a293693_w2086_t1505888326.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.lopes.cz\/bylo-vyrobeno-synteticke-pavouci-vlakno-identicke-s-prirodnim\/","wordCount":540,"articleBody":"Postavili jsme mrakodrapy sahaj\u00edc\u00ed do neskute\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161in, letadla, kter\u00e1 cestuj\u00ed rychleji ne\u017e zvuk. P\u0159esto, v n\u011bkter\u00fdch ohledech, pokorn\u00fd mal\u00fd pavouk m\u00e1 nad lidmi p\u0159evahu v podob\u011b hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 nit\u011b, kterou pavouci pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k zachycen\u00ed ko\u0159isti, to jsou \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9 v\u00fdkony p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed. Pavou\u010d\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee absorbovat obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed energie bez roztr\u017een\u00ed. Je siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ocel, ale pru\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e kau\u010duk.\u00a0Nyn\u00ed v\u011bdci vytvo\u0159ili syntetick\u00e9 pavou\u010d\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed s mnoha vlastnostmi, jako je jeho p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed prot\u011bj\u0161ek, a mohou je vyr\u00e1b\u011bt ve velk\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku – p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00edm dvou omezen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 v minulosti vylu\u010duj\u00ed minul\u00fd v\u00fdzkum.Lov pavouka v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b pomoc\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed nen\u00ed nic nov\u00e9ho. V roce 2010 nap\u0159\u00edklad N\u00e1rodn\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e1 nadace financovala projekt geneticky in\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00fdch koz, aby produkovaly ve sv\u00e9m ml\u00e9ce pavou\u010d\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, zat\u00edmco jin\u00e9 projekty se zam\u011b\u0159ily na masov\u00e9 produkce b\u00edl\u00fdch hedv\u00e1bn\u00fdch b\u00edlkovin, naz\u00fdvan\u00fdch spidroiny, v kvasink\u00e1ch, bakteri\u00edch a bu\u0148k\u00e1ch hmyzu.Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee pavouci jsou teritori\u00e1ln\u00ed a vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed mal\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, jak\u00e1koli pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 aplikace pavou\u010d\u00edho hedv\u00e1b\u00ed vy\u017eaduje v\u00fdrobu rekombinantn\u00edch spidroin\u016f a tvorbu um\u011bl\u00fdch hedv\u00e1bn\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken.Dosavadn\u00ed spidroiny v\u0161ak nebyly repliky t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1zely u divok\u00fdch pavouk\u016f. Navrhovan\u00e9 hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 b\u00edlkoviny, kter\u00e9 se vyr\u00e1b\u011bli v roztoku, byly syntetizov\u00e1ny v neuspokojiv\u011b mal\u00fdch mno\u017estv\u00edch p\u0159i n\u00edzk\u00fdch koncentrac\u00edch. Shrom\u00e1\u017edili se, ale nez\u016fstaly rozpu\u0161t\u011bny v kapalin\u00e1ch.Vyroben\u00e9 vl\u00e1knit\u00e9 hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 nit\u011b m\u011bly nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed vlastnosti, tedy pokud nebyly po po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edm stvo\u0159en\u00ed okam\u017eit\u011b rozs\u00e1hle o\u0161et\u0159eny.\u00a0Ukazuje se, \u017ee pavouci p\u0159irozen\u011b produkuj\u00ed nit\u011b v hedv\u00e1bn\u00fdch kan\u00e1lech a \u017ee pH pod\u00e9l t\u00e9to \u017el\u00e1zy postupn\u011b kol\u00eds\u00e1 od zhruba 7,6 (m\u00edrn\u011b bazick\u00e9, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee jsou p\u0159\u00edtomny v\u00edce negativn\u011b nabit\u00e9 ionty) na m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 5,7 (kysel\u00e9, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee jsou p\u0159\u00edtomny v\u00edce pozitivn\u011b nabit\u00e9 ionty). Tento posun pH tla\u010d\u00ed b\u00edlkoviny ke zm\u011bn\u011b tvaru na sv\u00fdch konc\u00edch, co\u017e zp\u016fsobuje, \u017ee se proteiny samy shroma\u017e\u010fuj\u00ed. Sou\u010dasn\u011b se hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 kan\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 naho\u0159e vypadaj\u00ed jako lehce vr\u00e1s\u010dit\u00fd mozek, zu\u017euj\u00ed do tenk\u00e9 trubice a s\u00edla proch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed trubkou stahuje vl\u00e1kna do pramen\u016f.V\u011bdci proto spojili spidroinov\u00e9 geny ze dvou druh\u016f pavouk\u016f a vytvo\u0159ili tak hybridn\u00ed pavoukov\u00fd gen nazvan\u00fd NT2RepCT. NT2RepCT k\u00f3duje \u00fapln\u011b nov\u00fd protein, kter\u00fd kombinuje nejlep\u0161\u00ed vlastnosti ze spidroin\u016f obou druh\u016f: vysok\u00e1 rozpustnost a vysok\u00e1 citlivost na pH. Pak vlo\u017eili gen pro hybridn\u00ed hedv\u00e1bn\u00fd protein do DNA bakteri\u00ed, kter\u00e1 produkovala proteiny. Vyprodukovala se pavou\u010d\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 identick\u00e1 s p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed. Bylo vyrobeno 1000 metr\u016f dlouh\u00e9 pavou\u010d\u00ed vl\u00e1kno. Bohu\u017eel v\u0161ak st\u00e1le nen\u00ed dokonale hou\u017eevnat\u00e9, to by se v\u0161ak mohlo upravit drobnou zm\u011bnou v mechanice produkce.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4.7\/5 - (8 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"BYLO VYROBENO SYNTETICK\u00c9 PAVOU\u010c\u00cd VL\u00c1KNO IDENTICK\u00c9 S P\u0158\u00cdRODN\u00cdM","item":"https:\/\/www.lopes.cz\/bylo-vyrobeno-synteticke-pavouci-vlakno-identicke-s-prirodnim\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]